Международные совещания по сохранению лесных генетических ресурсов Сибири

Электронный Адрес следующей конференции: http://conf.nsc.ru/cfgrs2011/

Тезисы докладов

Forest as an ecosystem play a key role in conservation of terrestrial biological diversity, but the biological diversity in forest is fundamental precondition for productivity, restoration and successful existence of forest, as well as for sustainable use. Genetic diversity of forest trees is the most important factor in conservation of different species and determines suitability of these species for specific climatic and growth conditions. Tree species naturally expanding in the territory of Latvia creates Latvian forest genetic resources (FGR).

Largely Latvian forests consist from boreal tree species: pine (37%), spruce (18,5%), two species of birch (29,8%), two species of alder (9,6%) and aspen (3,6%), which covers 98,5% from total forest area. Other broad – leaved species: oak, ash, lime, maple, Ulmus species, hornbeam can be considered temperate zone species. They cover approximately 1% of the total area. Latvia’s total forest-covered area is 2 961 222 ha or 50,2% of its land area.

Due to influence by different forestry schools there are European temperate zone species in Latvian forests have been acclimatized. Mainly they are: beech Fagus sylvatica L., wild cherry Prunus avium L., poplar species, larch species and their hybrids, fir species. In this category can be included Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco., which has been successfully cultivated in Mid – Europe.

Conservation and management of Latvian forest genetic resources in situ

For widespread longevity wild outcross tree species with wide natural expansion “in situ” method is often used (conserving the forest stand in its natural environment), if necessarily supplemented with “ex situ” activities. “In situ” conservation in general has the advantage of its dynamic character; the forest stand with valuable genetic resources is in uninterrupted development. It is important to find the balance between “in situ” and “ex situ” methods and to look to the genetic resources conservation principles together with viewpoints dominating in today‘s forestry, not forgetting also nature conservation and forest tree breeding. The most important aim for genetic resources conservation is the preservation of adaptational possibility of population for many generations, because there is very close link between conservation and satisfaction of mankind‘s needs in future.

Gene conservation units selected for in situ activities in Latvia: gene reserve forests (total area about 5000 ha), plus – trees (more then 3000), secular trees (more than 2000), protected forest areas in nature conservation areas (total area more then 500 000 ha).

Conservation and management of Latvian forest genetic resources ex situ

Forest tree genetic resources conservation ex situ has been developed in forest tree seed orchards (total area is about 900 ha), clone archives, in long term progeny testing plantations (total area is about 400 ha), by long term seed storage.

Characterization and investigation of Latvian forest genetic resources

Descriptors for in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation units were developed for 8 forest tree species in 2006. Adaptation, optimization and improvement of descriptors continue at present. Description of FGR in molecular level has been started in 2003 by Institute of Biology and Latvian Forest Research Institute “Silava” in joint research project “The use of molecular markers in investigation of genetic diversity of forest tree populations and in determination of genetic origin of reproductive material”. Molecular markers can be one of the most effective characterizers in these investigations.

Примечание. Тезисы докладов публикуются в авторской редакции

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