Тезисы докладов

Изменчивость генома человека

In current study new data about the populations of central Europe (Polish, Slovaks, Czechs, Hungarians, Croats; N~700) have been compared with most of the data available (Richards et al. 2000, and our unpublished) about the western Eurasian populations. The total number of the samples in database was around 11,000, which was dissected into ten regional groups for comparison. Like most of the European populations, these central European populations harbour all the major mtDNA haplougoups (H, U, J, T, N1, W) with frequencies significantly not differing from their neighbouring populations. Around 1-2% of the lineages of relatively recent eastern Asian origin are present; no signs of characteristic sub-Saharan haplogroups can be seen. Considering the estimation that about 80% of the extant human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in Europe was generated after the Last Glacial Maximim, there is a good possibility to trace back the emergence of relatively recent mitochondrial lineages besides those that arose during Upper Palaeolithic. The oldest maternal lineages are widespread, so one way to reconstruct the most recent evolutionary relationship of two populations one should determine the lineages characteristic for both, but not for others. In current study this was done for the central European population group, comparing it with ten other groups. Total number of shared lineages was close to 60 out of 350 (17%) lineages of the central European populations, while the amount of lineages characteristic only for this group was 174 (50%). Geographically more distant populations of Central Asia and Mongolia did not yield any identical lineages. Most of the compared regions (Volga-Uralic Altaic and Finno-Ugric, western Finno-Ugric, eastern Slavic, southern Balkan, Germanic speakers of northern and western Europe, Mediterranean Europe) revealed four to six lineages that matched, but in case of Germanic speakers 28 were shared. Closer look to the populations indicated that most of the similarities with Germanic speakers were caused by Croatian sample. It may suggest a closer genetic relationship between these two populations, or, alternatively, the lineages in other neighbouring populations have been more frequently lost from their gene pools. This is also the case for several mtDNA lineages that are relatively frequently seen in western and eastern parts of Europe, but not in northern or southern regions, indicating possible recent minor migration routes between Volga-Uralic and central European regions.

Примечание. Тезисы докладов публикуются в авторской редакции

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